Unit Commitment Model Considering Flexible Scheduling of Demand Response for High Wind Integration

In this paper, a two-stage stochastic unit commitment (UC) model considering flexible scheduling of demand response (DR) is proposed. In the proposed UC model, the DR resources can be scheduled: (1) in the first stage, as resources on a day-ahead basis to integrate the predicted wind fluctuation with lower uncertainty; (2) in the second stage, as resources on an intra-day basis to compensate for the deviation among multiple wind power scenarios considering the coupling relationship of DR on available time and capacity. Simulation results on the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) 5-bus system and IEEE 118-bus system indicate that the proposed model can maximize the DR value with lower cost. Moreover, different types of DR resources may vary in the contract costs (capacity costs), the responsive costs (energy costs), the time of advance notice, and the minimum on-site hours. The responsive cost is considered as the most important factor affecting DR scheduling. In addition, the first-stage DR is dispatched more frequently when transmission constraints congestion occurs.